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Balochi language

Balochi language is one of the richest languages in world it has all the characteristics of a fully developed and independent language it is spoken or owned by at least 25 million Baloch around the globe but as Baloch people suffer under torturing occupation under such circumstance no doubts the whole system of the effected nation suffers that is language, culture and daily life.

Balochi is banned language under Iranian occupied western Balochistan; it is totally neglected in Afghanistan though officially Balochi is one of the recognized languages in Pakistani occupied Balochistan but there are no officially funded schools or academy which could publish or carry some scientific researches or publications on Balochi language.

Balochi language suffers the same fate as her owners and speakers till Baloch become master of the lands, fate, and off course language.

In mean times Baloch around the world must stick to their language and does not allow it the sink in the dust bin of histories lost languages.


Balochi is a Northwestern Iranian language It is the principal language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is also spoken as a second language by some Brahui. It is designated as one of nine official languages of Pakistan.

Phonology

Vowels

The Balochi vowel system has at least eight vowels: five long vowels and three short vowels. The long vowels are /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /oː/, and /uː/. The short vowels are /a/, /i/ and /u/. The short vowels have more centralized phonetic qualities than the long vowels.

Southern Balochi (at least as spoken in Karachi) also has nasalized vowels, most importantly /ẽː/ and /ãː/

Consonants

The following consonants are common to both Western Balochi and Southern Balochi The place of articulation of the consonants /s/, /z/, /n/, /ɾ/ and /l/ is claimed to be alveolar in Western Balochi, while at least the /ɾ/ is claimed to be dental in Southern Balochi. The stops /t/ and /d/ are claimed to be dental in both dialects.

Grammar

The normal word order is subject–object–verb. Like many other Indo-Iranian languages, Balochi has split ergativity. In the present tense or future tense, the subject is marked as nominative, and the object is marked as accusative. In the past tense, however, the subject of a transitive verb is marked as oblique, and the verb agrees with the object.

Dialects

Western (Rakhshani)
• Sarhaddi Rakhshani
• Afghan Rakhshani
• Turkmen Rakhshani
• Panjguri Rakhshani
• Kalati Rakhshani
• Kharani Rakhshani
• Sarawani
Southern (Makrani)
• Coastal
• Lashari
• Kechi
• Karachi
Eastern or Suleimani Dialect
• Bugti (Bambore)
• Marri-Rindh (Sibi)
• Mazari (Upper Sindh, DG Khan Region)
• Mandwani & Jatoi dialects of Western Sindh

History

Balochi is closely related to other Northwestern Iranian languages such as Kurdish. It has influences on other languages in Pakistan, including Sindhi.

Before the 19th century, Balochi was an unwritten language. The official written language was Persian, although Balochi was still spoken at the Baloch courts. British linguists and political historians wrote form with the Roman script, but following the independence of Pakistan, Baloch scholars adopted Urdu Arabic script.

The first collection of poetry in Balochi, Gulbang by Mir Gul Khan Nasir was published in 1951 and incorporated the Urdu Arabic Script. But it was much later that Sayad Zahurshah Hashomi wrote a comprehensive guidance on the usage of Urdu Arabic script and standardized it as the Balochi Orthography in Pakistan. This earned Sayad Hashomi the title of 'the Father of Balochi'. Sayad's guidances are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, however, Balochi is written in a modified Arabic script based on what is used for Pashto


Source = wikipad